Internal combustion engine arrangement



April 13, 1965 C. E. HEN DERSHOT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ARRANGEMENT Filed Deo. 28, 1961 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 'lm/MJ- April 13, 1965 Filed Dec. 28, 1961 Fig. z

ul l"' c. E. HENDERsHoT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE `dRANGEMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. CHARLES Evans HENDERsHoT April 13, 1965 Filed Dec. 28, 19v61 C. E. HENDERSHOT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ARANGEMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 ExHAusr VALVE c.

o- UPPER INTAKE VALVE LDWER INTAKE VALV E L VALVE c Pawn# I ExHAusT I l AKE, I ExHAusr IcoMvnEsswnl comrnEsswn l l i RANsFER g L I Ex I lmnsssmn l TRANSFER comnssswn 1 i mrAuE l I 1 o- PI 0N VA E non?. lim! Aub I m1'. |mus 54o' vo' mn- Fig.

TNVENTOR.

CHARLES EVANS HENDERsHor )www/msm mw A-Hovnys April 13, 1965 Y c. E. HENDERSHOT 3,177,853

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ARRANGEMENT i Filed Dec. 28, 1951 ,f4 sheets-sheet 4 Fig. 7. Fig. a. Fig. 9. Fig.1o. Fig. 11.

Fig.1z. Fig.ia. Figj.14. .15. Fig.16.

United States Patent O "iced 3,177,853 l, INTERNAL CGMBUSTIN ENGINE GEMENT Charles E; Hendershot, Nashville, Ind., assigner, by directV and mesne'assignments, ot forty-'seven percent to Ernest W. Ogle; one perc'eteach to Mitchell T. Preston, Laurent Gredy, Laurence L. Walker, Kenneth D. Schneider, and Max W. Loop, all of Nashville, Ind.; one-half of one percent each to Harold G'. Miller, Columbus, Ind., and Robert M. Seibel, Nashville, Ind.

Filed Dec. 2s, 1961ser. No. 162,809 2 Claims. (Cl. 123-47) combustion engine incorporating'm'eans forincr'eas'ing" the amountv of fuel and air burned during a combustion stroke.-

A- further object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine which pumps and burns a greateram'ount of fuel and air for a given number of strokesof the -piston than -does a conventional engine whereby eiciency is increased.

Still another objectlof the present invention is to,

provide an internalcombustion engine capableof greater power for aV given number of piston strokes than conventional internal combustion engines.

Present-'day automobile engines do not completelyl `bnrn'their fuel whichre'sults 'm production of gases and vapors'containing'unburned' fuel and called blow by. These escaping gases'produce smog andthe like which is-a 'well knownY problem in such large cities asf Los Angeles; California. Approximately one-half of this blow by results from' gases and vapors escaping past theengine tpistons Vinto'the oil'sump and out the breather tube of'the engine.' A further object of the present invention'is to vprovide an internal combustion engine incorporating meansv for `elimina-ting or reducing the escape of blow by.

Related objects and advantages Will become'apparent as` the description proceedsl On'eembodiment'of the `present invention ycomprises an internal 'combustion engine including a cylinder and a movable piston reciprocably received within the cylinder. The movable piston includes a generally cylindrical skirt which receives a' stationary piston'.` There is' also 1irvided-r for-the lengine'a'crankshaft and 'a connecting rodipivoted at one end upon the crankshaft and at the other fend upon the of Ithe pistn. The'fullnatu're of the invention willbe understood from' the `accompanying drawings andthe following description and claims.

`FIG; 1 is a vvertical section taken along the axis of theA cylinderv of an internal combustion' engine embodying the present invention.

FIG. 2 is avertical section taken at right angles to the section of FIG. l so as to include thevaxis of the cylinder as-well as the axis of thecrankshaftof the engine, FIG; 2 being taken along 'the line 2--2'of FIG. l in the direc- -tion of the arrows.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged section taken along the line 3--3'of FIG. 1 in thefdi-rection of the arrows.

' receiving member Btlagir'ist'whi 3,117,853" Patented Aer- 3 196?? FIG. Llisa section taken along the line of FIG; 1 in the directionlof the arrows. i

lIG, 5 is a fragmentary section sirriilaii to FIGQ 1 sliowing an alternative' embodiment of the Vpresent invention.

FIG. 6 is a horizontal Ysect-ion;talo .i i alt ng` theL line 6-.6' .of FIG.V 5 in the lirectfioii Vofthe atrow's.n Y s FIGS.` 7-1 1 aire sch'emlatic representations of the embofdiInent-illusfrated`- and' 6 Showin'gv'the iJYCl of operationof that eitilioiimeiit,V Y j FIGS. 12`16 are'scheinaticrepresentations of fur- 4 ther alternative embodiment'oft-he present invention and sliow'the'cycle of operation of that alternative embodiment'.

FIG.A 17 tis; aerial-i sigewingithecyie of 'operation o'f the-embodiment of FIGS. l-4l FIG. 18 i s a chart showing Y the `cycle of operation in fthembdimenispf FIGS. lsjaiiii 6 Y FIG. 19 isia char't sl1owing';'the` cycle of operationY of the embodiment iuusir'aiei-iv in F1os'.I 12416,.

FIG'. .20"is1a'I chart showing the `cyclefof op'ejration of still a further erridinien`t of tli'e" 'prese1it 'inventi For the' purposes of'Y nrnotingj an understanding of the principlesv of tlie" i nvention, ref erencewil new be;1 made to the embodiments illustratedin Vthe'drfa 'ngs' andi specilic languagewill-'befus'ed'to describe'th It' will nevertheless be understood'jtlfatf no"V limita O1 1` 0f th" scope' of the invention is* tlirebyitndei, suehj alt f tions and further modifications in the illustrated device, and s uch further applications of the princ ipl j =js'f of tlie invetiti'o'nasiillstitedth'erfin beingcontemplated `afsv would normally occuto one skilled in the "art .toj which the invention relates., ,L

Referring mre particularly 'to'.:tlslet drawings, there isf. illust-rated an inter'alfcombustion engine including a cylinder 10,' This 'cylinder nas integrally forme j th 'een l a water jacket 11 vwhich'receives Waterwithinjits ho interior'l'Z'whereby tlieengiiie is, cooled the c :onv'eiifv tional manner., lintakem`anifolcl 1 5 is Xejdj-5to'ftlie" top of the cylinder'V nd has an intakte'passageulG'there@ through whichxlea'ds linto a' passage 17 for-ined in the AlsdfO-iiiiea gin the fhe o :j from the cylinder and reciprocably receives the member 52.

The lower end of the member 52 rides upon a cam 60 which is xed to a shaft 61,.ixed in turn to a cam shaft gear or timing gear 62. The Vgear 62 is driven by a smaller gear 65 (FIG. 2) fixed or keyed to the crankshaft 66 of the engine.

A valve cover or housing 68 is removably fixed to the top of the cylinder for protection of the valves 21 and 36. A spark plug 67 is threadedly received within the cylinder in such a manner as to re the contents of the combustion chamber 20. An electrical lead 70 is connected to the projectingV end of the spark plug, said electrical lead being electrically connected to a coil or magneto 71.

A cam shaft 72 with cam73 thereon is driven by the crankshaft of the engine and is arranged to close an electrical switch 75 Vat appropriate times in order to close the circuit between the low voltage side 76 of the magneto 71 and a source of power 80 whereby the magneto produces a high voltage charge for tiring the spark plug 67.

Reciprocally received withinthe cylinder 10 is a piston 81 provided with conventional piston rings 82 and having a valve 85 mounted in the head 86 thereof. The valve 85 controls an opening 87 through the head 86 which, when open, permits llow of fluid between the combustion chamber 20 and a compression chamber 90. The valve 85 includes a head 91 fixed to a stem 92 which, in turn, is secured to a spring which controls the opening of the valve 85 and permits such opening only when the pressure within the compression chamber 90 exceeds the pressure within the combustion chamber 20 by a predetermined amount.

As mentioned, the engine also includes a crankshaft 66 which is conventionally mounted for rotation Within bearings 96 received within the engine block 97 which is formed integrally with the cylinder 10. A conventional ywheel 100 is keyed to the crankshaft 66 and is received within `a ywheel housing 101 formed integrally with the engine block. The cam shaft drive gear 65 is received within a housing 102 fixed to one end of the engine block. Power may be taken olf from the engine in the conventional manner at the end 105 of the crankshaft.

The crankshaft also includes balance weight members 106 between which is rotatably mounted the connecting rod 107. The connecting rod is pivotally mounted at its upper end to a wrist pin 110, the opposite ends of which are secured to the skirt 111 of the piston 81. It will be noted that the skirt 111 extends a substantial distance downwardly from the head of the piston and also hasV a cylindrical internal cavity 112 therewithin.

This cylindrical internal cavity together with a stationary piston 115 defines the compression chamber 9).V

The, stationary piston 115 is tixed to four vertical posts 116, the lower ends of which are xed to angles or brackets 117 which are, in turn, fixed to the engine block. Received within the head 120 of the stationary piston is a check valve 121 which includes a valve head 122 and a valve stem 125. A spring 126 is secured to the valve stem 125 and rides against the lower surface of the head 120 inorder to maintain the valve 121 closed except when the pressure belowthe head is greater than that within the compression chamber 90. In other words, the function of the spring 126 is to maintain the valve in position so that when the pressure within the compression charnber begins to rise, the .valve will properly seat within the opening 130 to cut olf any possible ow out of the compression chamber through lthe opening 130.

breather pipe 131 isA fixed to the engine block and by means of its passage 132 permits' air to b e drawn into th compression chamber 90 through the engine block and the stationary piston.

There is also provided a suitable sump pan 135 fixed to the lower portion of the engine block.

FIG. 3 shows the details of the valve 121 wherein the opening 130 branches into four openings 130. Also visible in FIG. 3 is the lower surface of the spring 126 and the snap ring 136 that xes the stern 125 to the spring 126. FIG. 4 shows the details of the wrist pin connection to the skirt of the piston. As can be seen in that figure, the spacer members 137 are xed to the skirt by screws 140 and function to maintain the connecting rod 107 in a central position upon the wrist pin 110.

Referring to FIG. 17, the cycle of operation of the engine is disclosed. During the power stroke of the engine, the gas and air mixture which has been compressed within the combustion chamber is, of course, red and causes the piston 85 to be driven downwardly. The line 150 represents the position of the exhaust value`36 while the lines 151, 152 and 153 represent, respectively, the posit-ion of the upper intake valve 21, the position of the lower intake valve 121 and the position of the piston valve 85.v

From FIG. 17, it will be noted that all of the valves are closed until very near the end of the power stroke. A few degrees before the end of the power stroke, the pressure within the compression chamber 90 becomes suiciently great to open the valve 85 by overpowering the force of the spring 95. Simultaneously with the opening of the valve 85, the exhaust valve 36 is cammed open so that the blast of a-ir passing from the compression chamber 90 through the opening 37 causes an initial scavenging action. The piston 85 continues downwardly to the bottom of its stroke and begins to move upwardly at which point, the piston valve 121 closes as shown in FIG. 17. The lower intake valve 121, however, opens and stays open until the piston has completed its upward stroke. The cam 60 is so designed as to maintain the exhaust valve 36 open until the upward stroke of the piston is completed. It will be noted that by the initial scavenging action of the gases which were compressed within the compression chamber 90 during the power stroke, and additionally by the exhausting action of the piston during the just mentioned upward stroke, the combustion chamber is thoroughly cleared of all gases burned during the power stroke.

When the piston has reached the upper end of lits travel, it will have sucked a charge of air into the compression chamber 90. The cam 60 is so designed so as to permit closure of the exhaust valve 36 when the piston-reaches the upper end of the exhaust stroke.` The piston then begins to move downwardly whereby the pressure within the combustion chamber is reduced to an extent sufcient to open the valve 21 and to draw in a fuel-air mixture through the intake manifold 15 and passage 17. A conventional carburetor may be mounted upon the intake manifold but should be adjusted so as to provide a very rich mixture for a reason that will become evident. The piston 85 continues its downward stroke until the charge of air within the compression chamber 90 has been com-` pressed to such Van extent that the valve V85 is caused to open. This opening occurs near the lower end of travel of the piston but at an earlier point than at the opening of the valve 85 during the power stroke for the reason that the pressure within the combustion chamber 20 is much less during the intake stroke than during the power stroke.

Simultaneously with the opening of the valve 85, the intake valve 21 will close as the pressure increases Within the combustion chamber. It can be appreciated that the remainder of the downward stroke of the piston causes a transfer of the air within the compression chamber into the combustion chamber. The result of this transfer is that a fuel-air mixture will be contained within the combustion chamber which is greater in mass than the fuel-air mixture which might be drawn into the combustion chamber as a result of theintake stroke of a conventional four cycle engine.

As shown in FIG. 17, the compression stroke of the piston is carried out with the exhaust valve closed, the upper intake valve closed, the piston valve closed and with the lower intake valve open whereby a new charge of air for scavenging purposes is drawn into the compression chamber.v It will be noted that the reason for the carburetor being adjusted to a rich mixture is in order to olset the addition of the charge of air from the compression chamber which occurs during the end of the combined intake and transfer stroke, i.e. from 360 degrees to 540 degrees.

Referring to FIGS. and 6, a further embodiment of the invention is illustrated which is identical to the above described embodiment with the exception that dilerent means are provided for opening the valve 121' in the stationary piston In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the conventional exhaust stroke is used. In other words, an exhaust stroke occupying only 180 degrees of rotation of the crankshaft is used in a similar fashion to conventional four cycle internal combustion engines. As explained above, with regard to the embodiment of FIGS. L4, the valve 121 of that embodiment remains closed during the combustion stroke whereby a charge of air is compressed within the compression chamber 98 and this charge of air is used as an initial exhaust scavenging means for thoroughly cleaning out the combustion chamber. In the present embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the valve 121' is held open during the combustion stroke so that no pressure builds up within the compression chamber during the combustion stroke.

Referring to FIG. 18, the positions of the various valves of the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 throughout the complete cycle are disclosed. Thev line represents the position of the exhaust valve. while the lines 161, 162 and 163 represent the positions of the upper intake valve, the lower` intake valve 121 and the piston valve. It will be noted that during the combustion stroke, the exhaust valve, the upper intake valve and the piston valve are closed while the lower intake valve 121 is open. During the exhaust stroke from 180 degrees to 36() degrees, the exhaust valve is cammed open, the upper intake valve remains closed because of the pressure within the combustion chamber, and the piston valve remains closed because of the pressure within the combustion chamber all in the manner described above with regard to the irst embodiment. Also, during the exhaust stroke, the lower intake valve remains open.

During the third stroke from 360 degrees to 540 degrees, the positions of the valves correspond identically to the positions of the valves of the above described embodiment. Also, during the fourthor compression stroke from 540 degrees to l720 degrees, the positions of the valves correspond identically to the above described embodiment.

Thus, it will be noted that the only dilference in operation between the present embodiment and the above described embodiment is that the lower intake valve is maintained open during the power stroke. Since the pressure within the compression chamber 90 would tend t0 be greater than atmospheric, this valve must be maintained open by some suitable cam means.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the stationary piston 1 15 is mounted upon four posts 116' which are, in turn, fixed to angles 117' fixed to the engine block. A C-shaped cam supporting member is fixedly mounted upon the four posts 116' and rotatably mounts the cam shaft 171 which is keyed to a ratchet member 172 which cooperates with ratchet portion 173 integral with the cam supporting member 176. A cam 175 is fixedly mounted upon the cam shaft 171 and is permitted rotation only in a counterclockwise manner as viewed in FIG. 5, a compression spring 176 acting against the cam 175 and the ratchet member 172 to prevent clockwise rotation of the cam.

The cam 175 is rotated through a spur gear 177 fixed upon the cam shaft 171. The spur gear 177 is positioned between a pair of mutually facing racks 180 and 181 integrally formed upon an element 182 pivoted upon a vertically reciprocal member or bar 185 vertically slidable upon two of the posts 116". The element 182 is pivoted upon the member 185 by means of alpin 186' thatextends through` a suitable aperture in the member 182 which,

itself, is received within a suitable aperturethro'ughtheY vertically slidable ba'r 185.

A leaf spring 187 is x'ed to thebar 185v and engagesthemember 182 to yieldably hold it in thediotte'd line position of'FlG; 5 whereinr the rack 180 is engaging the spur gear 177. A pair of stop niernbersf190V arelixed to two of the shafts 116 in order to limit the downward movement of the bar 185. The skirt`1-11 .ofthe piston has a cam member 191 tixedto its inside surface and located to engage projecting portion'` 192 integral with the member 182. The member 182 has al dependingrod 195'xed thereto or integral therewith, said depending rod having an inwardly projecting` portion 196on its lower distal end. 1

The valve 121' includes a valvehead 197'which is engageable withv valve seat 200 communicating with` the opening or openings 201 extendingth'rough the stationary piston 115. The-valve 121 also includes a valve` stem 2112.V which has received thereon a spring retainer 205 and a snap ring 266 whichY maintains theretainer uponV the stem. Between the spring retainer `205 and the station- `ary piston head is received a compression spring 207 which functions to normallyl maintain the valve 121 in closed condition except when the valvey st'ern 202f'is forced upwardly by the'v cam 175.

The present cam arrangement is actuated to rotatethe cam every 180 degrees rotation of the crankshaft. As

of its travel, the rack 181- will 'havemoved past'thev spur gear 177 which will then be received inthe-recess 210` in the member 182.

The piston will then begin downward travel which will cause the spring 187 to pivot themember 182 clockwise by reason of the fact that the cam 191 will move away from the member 182; Thus, the'membe'r 182 Vwill pivot vcounterclockwise until the-lower portion'of'the rack 18tl-will be engaging the spur gear 177. Because of the friction within the apparatus,the 'member 1S2-willfretainxr the upper position to which it hasbeen 'carried'by the piston skirt until the-piston` approaches the-lowere'nd of its stroke as shown'in dotted lines in FIG. 5. Because the member-182 has'been pivoted toY a clockwiseposition as shown-in dotted lines, the'projecting portion 196 Y of the rod 195 will be positioned below a respective mem-v ber 137 fixed to the piston vskirt and received' about'the" wrist pin 110. As the pistonmovesto the-lower" end of' its travel, it will force the projection- 196ldownwardly; The. downwardmoVement-of the member 195Will cause the rack 180 torotate the cam 175.- asthe-rack moves` alongA the spur gear 177. The spring1$7 will insure that the. member 182 maintains aclockwise position duringbv downward movement with the rack 180^and spurgear'in` engagement. Thus, when the' piston completesitsdown# ward movement and again moves upwardly, the member 182 will be in a `downward-'clockwise position.r The above cycle is repeated each 360degreesfrotation` of theU crankshaft.

It can be seen that the cam 1.75 will be rotated'through` la predetermined angle" every 180 degrees rotation of the 'f crankshaft; The-cam 175 is `so formed-that its' raised portions will maintain the' lower intake valve`12'1' open f duringvthe power, exhaust and compressionf strokes but will permit the'valve to close during the third stroke which, as explained above; includes-intake; compression"VV aliases 'i of air Sand transfer of air from the compression chamber into Ithe combustion chamber.

The cycle of FIG. 18 is also shown in FIGS. 7-11. In FIG. 7, the engine is shown at the beginning of the combustion stroke, in FIG. 8 near the end of the combustion stroke, in FIG. 9 just after the beginning of the exhaust stroke, in FIG. 10 just after the beginning of the intake stroke and in FIG. 11 at the beginning of the transfer portion of the third stroke.

Referring to FIGS. 12-16 and FIG. 19, the above described embodiments might be modified to provide for addition of fuel through the stationary piston. In such an Yalternative embodiment, the above described intake manifold 15, passages 17 and valve 21 would be disposed of and would be replaced by a carburetor communica-ting with the lower intake valve or alternatively by fuel injection mechanism.

Referring, for example, to FIG. 12, the present alternative embodiment might include an exhaust valve 200` which is cam operated in the manner described above with regard to embodiments of FIGS. 1-6. The movable piston 201 is provided with a check valve 202. The stationary piston 20S is mounted in the manner above described upon posts 206 and Ia connecting rod 207 operatively connects the piston 201 and the crankshaft 208 as above described. A fuel injection duct 210 is mounted at'its distal end upon the stationary piston 205 and is 'arranged to provide atom-ized fuel to the compression chamber 211.

Referring to FIG. 19, the cycle of operat-ion ofthe exhaust valve 200 is indicated by the line 200' while the operation of the fuel injection means 210, the lower intake valve 212, and the piston valve 202 are indicated, respectively, by the lines 2.10', 212 and 202. It will be noted 'from FIG. 19 that the exhaust valve 200 is open during only a small part of the four stroke cycle of the engine. This exhaust valve is operated by cam means similar to that above described. The piston valve 202 is provided with a spring which is relatively weak in comparison to the spring 95 of the above described embodiment. The only function of the spring of the valve 202 is to operate that valve as a check valve and to insure seating of the valve when the pressure within the combustion chamber 215 is greater than the pressure within the compression chamber 211;. In all other respects, the engine of FIGS. 12-16 and FIG. 19 is identical in structure with the above described embodiment of FIGS. 1 4.

The cycle of operation of the engine of FIGS. 12-16 is shown in FIG. 19. As illustrated, all of the valves and the lfuel injection means are closed during the initial portion of the power stroke. The downward movement of the piston 201 causes compression of the air-fuel mixture within the compression chamber 2111. Near the end of the powerstroke, the piston valve 202 will open as a result of the greater Vpressure in the compression chamber. The fluid within the compression chamber will move into the combustion chamber and will scavenge the burned gases within'the combustion chamber causing them to move out of the exhaust valve 200 which is cammed open simultaneously with the opening of the piston valve. The piston will continue its downward movement until the zero to 180 degree stroke is completed. As soon as the piston reaches the end of this stroke and again starts upward, the piston valve 202 will close.

The cam operating the exhaust valve 201 is so arranged as to Vpermit the exhaust valve to remain open duringV the initial portion of the ISO-360 stroke to insure substantially complete removal of the burned gases from the combustion chamber. However, after these gases have been substantially removed, the exhaust valve is closed as illustrated in FIG. 19. As Athe piston starts the second stroke, the lower intake valve is open by reason of the reduced pressure within the compression chamber 211. The fuel injection means is also caused to begin atomizing of fuel into .the compression chamber. This addition of fuel and air to the compression chamber continues until the second or -360 stroke is completed. During this stroke, the piston valve remains closed causing compression of the fuel and air charge above the piston. It will be appreciated that at the end of this stroke, the compression chamber contains a full charge of fuel-air mixture and the combustion chamber contains a compressed charge of fuel-air mixture.

Upon reaching the upper end of its second stroke, the piston begins to move downwardly in its third stroke. During the first half of this third stroke the piston Valve 202 will remain closed because the pressure Within the combustion chamber will be greater than the pressure within the compression chamber. Since the lower intake valveV 212 will close because of the downward movement of the piston, the fuel-air charge within the compression chamber will be compressed. When the piston is approximately halfway through the third stroke, the pressures within the compression and combustion chambers will equalize and the piston Valve 202 will open. The second half of the `third stroke includes a transfer of the fuel-air mixture from the compression chamber into the combustion chamber. It will be noted that when the piston reaches the' lower end'of its third stroke, two charges of air-fuel mixture will be received above the piston in the compression chamber.

The piston then moves upwardly in its fourth stroke. During this stroke, the exhaust valve is closed, the fuel injection means is atomizing, the lower intake valve is open, and the piston valve is closed. Thus, a fuel-air mixture will be added to the compression chamber and the double charge of Ifuel-air mixture within the combustion chamber will be compressed. At the end of the fourth stroke, the charge within the combustion chamber is fired and the cycle is completed.

The cycle of FIG. 19 is shown in FIGS. 12-16. In FIG. 12, the engine is shown Yat the beginning `of the combustion stroke, in FIG. 13 near the end of the combustion stroke, in FIG. 14 just after the beginning of the second stroke, in FIG. 15 near the middle of the third third stroke, and in FIG. 16 near the middle of the fourth stroke. 1

It should be understood that various cycles can be used to advantage with the structure of the present invention. For example, FIG. 20 shows a six-stroke cycle for use with structure similar to that shown schematically in FIGS. 12-16 and in FIGS. 5 and 6. In FIG. 20, the line 300 represents the exhaust valve while the lines 301, 302 and 303 represent the fuel injection means, the lower intake valve and the piston valve, respectively. As illustrated, the exhaust valve, the fuel injection means and the piston valve are all closed and the lowervintake valve is open during the complete power stroke. In order to maintain the lower intake valve open, it will be necessary to provide means such as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. The second stroke of the piston causes exhaust ofthe products of combustion as well as intake of fuel and air into the compression chamber. During this stroke, the exhaust valve and lower` intake valve are open, the piston valve is closed and the fuel injection means is operating whereby the products of combustion are exhausted and a fuel-air charge is drawn into the compression chamber.

During the third stroke of the piston, the exhaust valve and lower intake valve are closed, the piston valve is open and the fuel injection means is not operating. Thus, this third stroke consists entirely of a transfer of the fuel-air charge in the compression chamber into the combustion chamber. During the fourth stroke of the piston, the exhaust valve and piston valve are closed, the lower intake valve is open and the fuel injection means is operating. Thus, this fourth stroke causes simultaneous compression of the charge in the combustion chamber and intake of a new fuel-air charge into the compression chamber.

Vhausted though the breather.

9 The fifth stroke of the engine operates to transfer the charge within the compression chamber into the cornbustion chamber. During this stroke, the exhaust valve and the lower intake valve are closed and the fuel injection means is closed. During the lirst half of this stroke, the piston valve is also closed because the pressure within the combustion chamber is greater than the pressure within the compression chamber. In approximately the middle of this stroke, the piston valve opens so thatv the remainder of the stroke consists of a transfer of the charge within the compression chamber into the combustion chamber.

During the sixth stroke of the piston, the exhaust valve and piston valve are closed, the fuel injection means is not operating and the lowerintake valve is open. The function of this stroke is to compress the charge within the combustion chamber forY firing at the end of the stroke. The fuel injection means is not operating because the iiuid within the compression chamber' at'the end of this stroke is not used but instead is exhausted through the lower intake valve during the power stroke. It can be appreciated that the immediately above described cycle makes possible the provision to the combustion chamber of two complete charges of air-fuel mixture and does this in a six-stroke cycle.

From the above description, it will be obvious that the present invention provides an internal combustioniengine which pumps and burns a greater amount of fuel and air for a given number of strokes of the piston than does a conventional engine whereby power is increased. It should also be clear that by means of the present invention, a given sized engine can be greatly increased in power. Furthermore, the present invention provides an internal combustion engine incorporating means for increasing the amount of fuel and air burned during a combustion stroke.

As mentioned above, one of the objects of this engine is to reduce or eliminate blow by. This is accomplished by reason of the fact that in all described embodiments of the engine, the valve in the stationary piston operates in such la manner that fluid is pumped into the compression chamber through the crankcase and breather. Thus, a continuous suction is maintained upon the breather 131 which prevents vapor from being ex- In other words, the sum total of all cycles of the engine of the present invention is a movement of air into the crankcase through the breather so that blow by exhausting through the breather is eliminated.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and forgoing description,v the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive inv character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention and the scope ofthe claims are also desired to be protected. For example, the diesel operation without spark plug might be used with Athe structure and cycles of the present invention.

The invention claimed is:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder; a movable piston reciprocably received within the cylinder and including a head and a generally cylindrical skirt; a stationary piston received within said skirt, said stationary piston and movable piston defining there- 10 between a compression chamber and said cylinder and movable piston `dening therebetween a combustion chamber; a crankshaft; a connecting rod connecting the movablepiston andthe crankshaft; a'valve mounted in Ysaid stationary piston so as to control air tiowv between atmosphere and said compression charnber; and a .cheek valve mounted within the head of said movable piston so as to permit tiuid ow from said compression chamber into said combustion chamber but prevent uid ow from `said combustion chamber into said compression chamber; said piston being movable through a `four stroke cycle including a combustion first stroke, an exhaust second stroke, a thirdstroke and a compression fourth strokeg tion, exhaust and compression strokes and for closing said stationary piston intake valve vduring said third stroke.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising acylinder; a movable piston reciprocably received within the cylinder and including a head and a generally cylindrical skirt; a stationary piston received within said skirt, said stationary piston and movable piston defining therebetween a compression chamber and said cylinder and movable piston defining therebetween a combustion chamber; a crankshaft; a connecting rod connecting the movable piston and the crankshaftga valve mounted in said stationary piston so as to control air ow between atmosphere and said compression chamber; and a check valve mounted within the head of said movable piston so as to permit fluid ow from said compression chamber into said combustion chamber but'prevent iuid ow from said combustion chamber into said compression chamber; said pistonbeingmovable through va six stroke cycle including a combustion first stroke, an exhaust and intake second stroke, a transfer third stroke, a compression and intake fourth stroke, a transfer fifth stroke, and a compression sixth stroke, an exhaust Valve mounted in the wall of said cylinder and controlling uid iiow from said combustion chamber; means for opening saidY stationary piston intake valve during said combustion; exhaust and compression strokes and for closing said stationary piston intake valve during said transfer strokes, and means for openingA said exhaust valve during said exhaust stroke and for otherwise maintaining said exhaust valve closed.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS FRED E. ENGELTHALER, Primary Examiner. 

1. AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE COMPRISING A CYLINDER; A MOVABLE PISTON RECIPROCABLY RECEIVED WITHIN THE CYLINDER AND INCLUDING A HEAD AND A GENERALLY CYLINDRICAL SKIRT; A STATIONARY PISTON RECEIVED WITHIN SAID SKIRT, SAID STATIONARY PISTON AND MOVABLE PISTON DEFINING THEREBETWEEN A COMPRESSION CHAMBER AND SAID CYLINDER AND MOVABLE PISTON DEFINING THEREBETWEEN A COMBUSTION CHAMBER; A CRANKSHAFT; A CONNECTING ROD CONNECTING THE MOVABLE PISTON AND THE CRANKSHAFT; A VALVE MOUNTED IN SAID STATIONARY PISTON SO AS TO CONTROL AIR FLOW BETWEEN ATMOSPHERE AND SAID COMPRESSION CHAMBER; AND A CHECK VALVE MOUNTED WITHIN THE HEAD OF SAID MOVABLE PISTON SO AS TO PERMIT FLUID FLOW FROM SAID COMPRESSION CHAMBER INTO SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER BUT PREVENT FLUID FLOW FROM SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER INTO SAID COMPRESSION CHAMBER; SAID PISTON BEING MOVABLE THROUGH A FOUR STROKE CYCLE INCLUDING A COMBUSTION FIRST STROKE, AN EXHSUST SECOND 